杭州文保导览

钱塘第一井

第五批浙江省级文物保护单位

钱塘第一井,又名大井、寒泉、吴山井。据《梦梁录》记载:“吴山北大井曰吴山井,盖此井系吴越王时韶国师始开,为钱塘第一井。山脉融液,泉源所钟,不杂江湖之水,遇旱不涸。”井口初凿时周四丈,规模甚巨,井口无盖,称“吴山第一泉”。南宋高宗绍兴年间,因井口无盖,常有人落井溺亡,太尉董德之用大木石板盖住井口,改为六眼井,井口只能下水桶。理宗淳祐七年(1247),杭城大旱,城中诸井竭,唯此井不涸,官员上奏立祠以旌异,覆亭其上,即所谓龙王祠也。明太祖洪武五年(1372),参政徐立本在井旁立石表,刻“吴山第一泉”五字。宪宗成化十年(1474),亭遭焚毁,井亦为瓦砾所填。孝宗弘治年间,井眼之木石俱坏,参政周木予以整修,改为五眼井。

 

大井巷22号大门朝南,天井内为水泥地坪。周围为走马楼形式的二层木构建筑,一层西侧为入口通廊。现井圈为水泥所筑,高32厘米,内径34厘米,呈六边形,井圈南北面都竖刻“古大井”三字。井深约4米,井壁用条石菱角式砌筑,静止水位为1.8米。在大门东侧墙上还嵌有一块“古大井墙界”碑,石质为青石,高1.43米,宽0.58米。

 

钱塘第一井是吴越国时期水利建设的重要实物见证,是杭州现存古井中的佼佼者。井水清且甘,“不杂江湖之味,泓深莹洁”,明成化《杭州府志》中将其与虎跑泉、龙井、玉泉、郭婆井合称为“杭州之圣水”。此井虽然位于杭州市城区人口稠密地带,易受到污染,但由于它涌水量大,自净能力强,至今仍然保持良好的水质。大井巷因钱塘第一井(又名大井)而得名,因而该井也已成为这一地区的地理标志物。

Qian Tang First Well

The fifth batch of Zhejiang provincial cultural relics protection units

Qian Tang First Well, also known as big well, is located in the upper city of big well Lane, which is also named after it. The well for the fifth generations of Wu Yue State Division DeShao chisel, the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing years was covered by a large slate, the open of the well can only be water bucket, it open six holes. The drought in Hangzhou during the reign of Chunyou, Emperor Lizong of the Southern Song Dynasty, only the well was not dry, so it overtook the pavilion. Ming Xianzong Chenghua 10 years (1474), pavilion burned, well filled with rubble. During the reign of Emperor Hongzhi of the Ming Dynasty, it was changed to five eyes. There are five holes in the well surface, the well circle is made of cement, is hexagonal, the well wall is built with stone diamond angle. The first well in Qian Tang is one of the earliest existing wells in Hangzhou.

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